incomplete valence shell

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• Valence electron — In chemistry, valence electrons are the electrons contained in the outermost, or valence , electron shell of an atom. Valence electrons are important in determining how an element reacts chemically with other elements: The fewer valence electrons …   Wikipedia

• Valence (chemistry) — For other uses, see Valence (disambiguation). In chemistry, valence, also known as valency or valence number, is a measure of the number of bonds formed by an atom of a given element. Valence can be defined as the number of valence bonds[1] a… …   Wikipedia

• valence electron — noun an electron in the outer shell of an atom which can combine with other atoms to form molecules • Hypernyms: ↑electron, ↑negatron * * * noun : a single electron or one of two or more electrons contained in the outer incomplete shell of an… …   Useful english dictionary

• chemical bonding — ▪ chemistry Introduction       any of the interactions that account for the association of atoms into molecules, ions, crystals, and other stable species that make up the familiar substances of the everyday world. When atoms approach one another …   Universalium

• Ion — Cation and Anion redirect here. For the particle physics/quantum computing concept, see Anyon. For other uses, see Ion (disambiguation). Hydrogen atom (center) contains a single proton and a single electron. Removal of the electron gives a cation …   Wikipedia

• Fajans' rules — In inorganic chemistry, Fajans Rules, formulated by Kasimir Fajans, are used to predict whether a chemical bond will be covalent or ionic, and depend on the charge on the cation and the relative sizes of the cation and anion. They can be… …   Wikipedia

• periodic law — /pear ee od ik, pear /, Chem. 1. the law that the properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers. 2. Also called Mendeleev s law. (originally) the statement that the chemical and physical properties of the elements… …   Universalium

• Lewis structure — The Lewis structure of water. Lewis structures (also known as Lewis dot diagrams, electron dot diagrams, and electron dot structures) are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in …   Wikipedia

• atom — /at euhm/, n. 1. Physics. a. the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element, consisting of a nucleus containing combinations of neutrons and protons and one or more electrons bound to the nucleus by electrical… …   Universalium

• spectroscopy — spectroscopist /spek tros keuh pist/, n. /spek tros keuh pee, spek treuh skoh pee/, n. the science that deals with the use of the spectroscope and with spectrum analysis. [1865 70; SPECTRO + SCOPY] * * * Branch of analysis devoted to identifying… …   Universalium

• Octet rule — The bonding in carbon dioxide (CO2): all atoms are surrounded by 8 electrons, fulfilling the octet rule. The octet rule is a chemical rule of thumb that states that atoms of low (<20) atomic number tend to combine in such a way that they each… …   Wikipedia